{"id":2573,"date":"2014-12-04T17:19:58","date_gmt":"2014-12-04T17:19:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tule-lake.com\/?page_id=2573"},"modified":"2014-12-04T17:23:49","modified_gmt":"2014-12-04T17:23:49","slug":"up-to-1859","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/anderstomlinson.com\/tule-lake\/farming\/reclamation\/up-to-1859\/","title":{"rendered":"Up to 1859"},"content":{"rendered":"

60,000,000<\/span><\/strong> B.C.E \u2013 Cascade Range begins forming.
\n50,000,000 \u2013 Present day Upper Klamath Basin is in the Pacific Ocean.\u202815,000,000 \u2013 Extension, the process of pulling the earth\u2019s crust apart, created Tule Lake.\u2028 Volcanic activity in the area began 15 million years ago. Active lava flows in the\u2028 area are as recent as 1,000 years ago.
\n750,000 \u2013 Violent eruptions begin to shape the Cascade Range.
\n500,000 \u2013 Medicine Lake Volcano is a shield volcano similar to the Hawaiian Volcanoes.\u2028 Over the last half-million years it has been built up by successive outpourings of lava, \u2028creating a shield-like form.
\n400,000 \u2013 Mt. Mazama formed.
\n275,000 \u2013 Cinders begin erupting through the shallow waters of Tule Lake.
\n100.000 \u2013 Mt. McLoughlin begins to form.
\n48,000 \u2013 Cone building on Mt. Mazama.<\/p>\n

40,000 \u2013 It is theoretically possible for people to have entered North America from Asia at repeated intervals by land between 40,000 and 13,000 years ago. The general consensus is whether on land, along Bering Sea coasts or across seasonal ice, humans crossed Beringia from Asia to enter North America about 13,000 or more years ago.<\/span>
\n25,000 \u2013 Mt. Mcloughlin is mature.
\n13,000 \u2013 Ancient Modoc Lake was almost 75 miles long and covered 1,000 square miles with at least 400 miles of shoreline, including Upper Klamath Lake, Lower Klamath Lake and Tule Lake, at an surface elevation of over 4,200 feet. The climate begins to warm.
\n12,000 \u2013 First human inhabitants in the Upper Klamath Basin.
\n8,000 \u2013 West Coast glaciers begin to recede.
\n6,000 \u2013 Mt. Mazama erupts and collapses.
\n800 B.C.E. \u2013 The youngest flow on the Medicine Lake volcano is Glass Mountain, formed \u2028during an eruption less than 1,000 years ago.<\/p>\n

Klamath Indians<\/span><\/strong> \u2013 Around Upper Klamath Lake the Klamath Indians, \u00c9-ukshikni m\u00e1klaks, \u201cpeople of the lake,\u201d were divided into five groups. The Gu\u2019mbotkni had winter settlements on Pelican bay and the marsh north of it. Closely related to the Gu\u2019mbotkni were the Dukwakmi with settlements on the Williamson River delta. The Aukch(k?)ni lived in a territory including Klamath Marsh and the middle Williamson River. They had many settlements and were considered the most powerful group. The Sprague River people may have been included with the Aukch(k?)ni who were also closely related to the Kow\u2019cdikni living in a village on Agency Lake. The Iu\u2019lalonki group lived near Klamath Falls and the eastern shore of Upper Klamath Lake. In the summer these camps were dispersed over a wider area following and gathering food sources. (Leslie Spier, Klamath Ethnography, 1930)<\/p>\n

Modoc Indians<\/span><\/strong> \u2013 The Klamath Indians usually outnumbered the Modoc Indians two to one. The Modocs called themselves M\u00f3ntokni m\u00e1klaks \u201cliving at Moatak\u201d \u2013 this being the name of Modoc or Tule lake: \u201cin the extreme south.\u201d The Modoc population was somewhere between 400 and 800. The Modoc\u2019s settlements included camps included the Lower Lost River, Lower Klamath Lake, Tule Lake, Clear Lake, and the territory that extended south as far as the mountains beyond Goose Lake.<\/p>\n

Yahooskin Indians<\/span><\/strong> – The Yahooskin, 145 individuals in 1888, were a body of the Snake Indians. They hunted and gathered on Goose Lake, Silver Lake, Warner Lake, Lake Harney and temporarily stayed in Surprise Valley, on Chewaukan and Sa\u00edkan marshes and gathered w\u00f3kash on Klamath Marsh.<\/p>\n

1540<\/span><\/strong> \u2013 A Klamath wocus grinder is made and eventually found in Pecos, New Mexico, illustrating the expanses of prehistoric Indian trade routes.
\n1542 \u2013 Juan Rodrigues Cabrillo sails to latitude 44\u00b0 and lands near present day Port Orford.
\n1549 \u2013 Sir Francis Drake claims present day Northern California and Southern Oregon, \u201cNew Albion\u201d, for England.
\n1603 \u2013 Sebastian Viscaino makes first known investigation of Umpqua River.
\n1698 \u2013 Savery, in England, invents the first crude steam engine.<\/p>\n

1700<\/span><\/strong> \u2013 January 26, about 9 p.m., last great earthquake in the Cascades, perhaps a magnitude of 8.0 or greater, creates a 30 foot high tsunami that smashes into the Oregon coast.
\n1707 \u2013 A Spanish trade vessel, \u201cSan Francisco Xavier,\u201d is wrecked on present day Oregon north coast.
\n1769 \u2013 Father Juanapero Serra arrived at the spot that would become San Diego and built the first mission in Alta California.
\n1772 \u2013 First recorded sighting of the Bay Delta by Spanish explorers.\u20281775 \u2013 Bruno de Heceta and Juan Francisco Bodega y Quandra reach 58\u00b0 30\u2032.
\n1777 \u2013 Captain James Cook sails up the Pacific Northwest coast to 70\u00b0 44\u2032
\n1778 \u2013 Captain Robert Gray gives the name of \u201cMurderer\u2019s Harbor\u201d to present day Tillamook Bay.
\n1782 \u2013 25,000 to 75,000 nesting Bald Eagles in lower 48 states.\u20281786 \u2013 Mt. Shasta erupts.
\n1792 \u2013 Robert Gray, aboard the Columbia Rediviva claims the Columbia waterway for the United States on his second trip to the area.
\n1793-73: The Nootka Convention settles differences between England and Spain concerning the Pacific north coast. Mexico bows out.<\/p>\n

1800<\/span><\/strong> \u2013 Population of the United States is 5,308,483.
\n1800-38 Upper Klamath Basin precipitation was above average.
\n1803 \u2013 United States purchases the Louisiana territory from Napoleon.\u20281805 \u2013 Oregon explorations by Lewis & Clark.
\n1806 \u2013 Baron Nikolai Rezanov, an organizer for the Russian American Company, a fur trading enterprise, urges Russia to establish a colony at the mouth of the Columbia River.
\n1807 \u2013 David Thompson crosses the Rocky Mountains and establishes a trading post at the Columbia River headwaters.
\n1809 \u2013 Tree rings studies indicate Upper Klamath Basin was unusually wet.<\/p>\n

1810<\/span><\/strong> \u2013 Population of the United States is 7,239,881.\u20281811 \u2013 Astoria, Oregon is settled.
\n1811 \u2013 Explorer David Thompson was on the John day River.
\n1812 \u2013 War of 1812 breaks out. Fort Astoria is sold to the British Northwest Company and is renamed Fort George.
\n1812 \u2013 Oregon Trail route first traveled by Robert Stuart.
\n1812 \u2013 Spring, Russian fur traders build permanent headquarters at the mouth of the Russian River.
\n1813 \u2013 Tree rings studies indicate was unusually wet in Upper Klamath Basin.
\n1814 \u2013 Willamette Valley Indians describe Mt. Shasta to Hudson Bay trappers.\u20281817 \u2013 Erie canal construction started.
\n1819 \u2013 The Spanish government authorized the construction of a canal across Central America and the creation of a company to build it.<\/p>\n

1820<\/span><\/strong><\/span> \u2013 Population of the United States is 9,638,453.
\n1820 \u2013 June 7, George Nurse, founder of Linkville, born in Courtland, New York.
\n1824 \u2013 Russia agrees to stay in Alaska and relinquish interest further south.
\n1823 \u2013 Northwest Company merges with Hudson Bay Company.\u20281823 \u2013 the last mission built in Alta California was San Francisco de Solano at Sonoma.
\n1824 \u2013 Hudson Bay Company appoints Dr. John McLoughlin as the Chief Factor for Oregon County.
\n1824 \u2013 A pair of Mexican miners work Alamitos Creek near present day San Jose, California.
\n1825 \u2013 Finan McDonald, Tom McKay and others left Fort Vancouver for exploration of eastern Oregon.
\n1826 \u2013 January 5, Peter Skeene Ogden, working for the Hudson Bay Company, with a party of 35 trappers and more than I00 horses, reaches the headwaters of Klamath drainage.
\n1826 \u2013 Botanist David Douglas was in the Umpqua Valley.
\n1826 \u2013 October 5, Ogden reaches Chiloquin area.
\n1826 \u2013 Tree rings studies indicate Upper Klamath Basin was unusually wet.
\n1826 \u2013 December 6, Odgen names Mt. Sastise (Mt. Shasta).
\n1827 \u2013 January 13, Peter Skene Ogden writes in his diary that they traded for 10 dogs that day with the Modocs. He considered the Modocs to be a large well-inclined tribe. The Modocs, realizing that the whites needed dogs for food, began to barter for more goods in trade. Ogden names Upper Klamath Lake \u201cDog Lake.\u201d\u2028 Another diary entry notes that they trapped 735 beaver and mammal skins in three weeks near the Klamath River.
\n1829 \u2013 Mt. Mcloughlin is first recorded under that name. Later is was known as Mt. Pitt and then again as Mt. McLoughlin. It was also referred to as Snowy Butte.<\/p>\n

1830<\/span><\/strong> \u2013 Population of the United States is 12,866,020\u2028.
\n1832 \u2013 Tree rings studies indicate Upper Klamath Basin was unusually wet.
\n1833 \u2013 Ewing Young traps on the west side of Upper Klamath Lake.
\n1835 \u2013 A group of French-Canadians visit the Klamath tribal area and give the Indians trade goods.
\n1836 \u2013 Ewing Young brings 630 head of cattle to the Williamette Valley from present day San Jose, California. The trip takes nine months and started with 800 cattle purchased from the Mexicans.
\n1839 \u2013 John Sutter receives land grant in present day California from the Mexican Government that was \u201c22 hours square\u201d on horseback.
\n1839-54 tree ring studies indicate Upper Klamath Basin climate was dry with few wet years.<\/p>\n

1840<\/span><\/strong> \u2013 Population of the United States is 17,069,453\u2028.
\n1841 \u2013 Wilkes expedition at Willamette Falls.
\n1843 \u2013 Klamath Indians are observed hunting elk along the western side of Upper Klamath Lake.
\n1843 \u2013 John C. Fr\u00e9mont and Kit Carson pass through the Upper Klamath Basin.
\n1843 \u2013 The \u201cGreat Migration\u201d to Oregon for homesteaders begins. A wagon train with 875 settlers including the Applegate Brothers and Peter Burnett, who would become the first Oregon Governor, leaves Independence, Missour for Oregon. The Applegates both lose a son in rafting accidents on Columbia River rapids.
\n1843 \u2013 Joel P. Walker brings 1200 cattle, 200 horses and 600 sheep from California to Oregon.
\n1843 \u2013 Forty-two free agent mountain men, led by Old Bill Williams, spend the winter trapping around Upper Klamath Lake. They has contact but no problems with the Klamath Indians camped ten miles to the north.
\n1843 \u2013 Last mention of Finan McDonald in this area.
\n1844 Remains of Ancient Modoc Lake totals 360,000 acres.
\n1844 \u2013 Pierson Redding receives a 20,000 acre Mexican land north of Sutter\u2019s grant. Present Day redding is located here.
\n1844 \u2013 William Shirley Williams, George Perkins, Bill Hamilton and 39 other men had a confrontation with 200 Modoc Indians near Lost River.\u20281844 \u2013 Spring, Old Bill William\u2019s trapping party breaks winter camp and heads south to the Lost River. Modoc Indians attack but suffer heavy causalities. The trappers lose three men. \u201c\u2026 here as the greatest contrast between two tribes ( Klamath and Modoc), living in close proximity to each other.\u201d
\n1845 \u2013 Minimum bridge width in Oregon is 12 feet.
\n1846 \u2013 May 1, Fr\u00e9mont camps on edge of Tule Lake which he named Rhett Lake.
\n1846 \u2013 May 6 or 9, Three of Fr\u00e9mont\u2019s men are killed by Indians at Denny Creek.\u20281846 \u2013 Fr\u00e9mont retaliates by attacking a Klamath Tribe fishing village named Dokdokwas, that most likely had nothing to do with the attack, at the junction of the Williamson River and Klamath Lake, killing 14 Indians including warriors, women and children.
\n1846 \u2013 Free Emigrant road or South Emigrant Road, Applegate Trail, opens.
\n1846 \u2013 The southern Oregon Trail opened.\u20281846 \u2013 England and the United States agree that the fourty-ninth parallel will be the boundary between the two powers.
\n1846-47 \u2013 Winter, Donner party is trapped in the Sierras.
\n1848 \u2013 January 24, carpenters from Oregon, James Marshall and Charles Bennet, discover gold at Sutter\u2019s Mill.
\n1848 \u2013 First Chinese immigrants arrive in present day California.\u20281848 \u2013 Treaty of Guadalupe Hildalgo signed, California ceded from Mexico, California Republic established.
\n1848 \u2013 Pierson Redding discovers gold in the present day Trinity County area near Douglas City.
\n1849 -1850: Gold discovered in the Lower Klamath Basin. Farms and ranches established in the Scott and Shasta valleys.<\/p>\n

1850<\/span><\/strong> \u2013 Oregon\u2019s population is 13,294. United States population is 23,191,876.
\n1850 \u2013 Congress creates the post of Superintendent of Indian Affairs.\u20281850 \u2013 The Spanish Central America project, stalled, carries out surveys (also 1875) to find the best place for the canal. They suggested the most favorable routes were Panama (then a part of Colombia) and across Nicaragua.
\n1851-56: Southern Oregon Indians begin fighting with white settlers coming for gold.This starts the Rogue River Indian wars.\u20281851 \u2013 December, gold is discovered in Rich Gulch and the area quickly becomes Jacksonville. Abraham Thompson, a mule train packer, discovers gold near Yreka traveling along the Siskiyou Trail.
\n1851, April, 2,000 miners had arrived in \u201cThompson\u2019s Dry Diggings\u201d through the southern route of the old Emigrant Trail to test their luck, which took them straight through Modoc territory.\u20281852 \u2013 Jacksonville is founded.
\n1852 \u2013 A pack route is found from Crescent City to the Rogue Valley.\u20281852 \u2013 The number of Chinese immigrants on the west coast increases to 18,000.
\n1852 \u2013 Wallace Baldwin was pasturing livestock in the Keno area.
\n1852 \u2013 September, a wagon train of some 65 men, women, and children on their way to new homes in California are attached. Fifty-five whites die at the hands of Modoc Indians at Tule Lake at location that becomes known as \u201cBloody Point\u201d. More bodies go uncounted and some survivors may have been kidnapped and sold as slaves.
\n1852 \u2013 Ben Wright leads a volunteer company in reprisal for the wagon train ambush. He entices a party of Modocs into council under a flag of truce. 41 Indians are murder by poisoned food.
\n1852 \u2013 Sherman Brown traveled by ship to Panama, crossed the isthmus by mule and on to San Francisco by ship.
\n1852 \u2013 Winter, Wallace baldwin grazes fifty horses on the west side of Upper Klamath Lake.
\n1853 \u2013 Sam Colver was appointed Indian agent for the rogue River Indians bu Superintendent Joel Palmer.
\n1853 \u2013 November 25, Fr\u00e9mont travel south from The Dalles along the Klamath Trail, a slave trading path connecting the Columbia River to the southern border of present day Oregon.
\n1853 \u2013 June 12, Crater Lake is discovered by prospectors, the John Hillman party, in search of the Lost cabin gold mine.
\n1853 \u2013 First Jacksonville school. Mart Hoffman was the teacher of 20 pupils. Tuition paid with poultry, produce and livestock.
\n1854 \u2013 September, first recorded non-native ascent of 14,162 Mt. Shasta.
\n1855 \u00a0\u2013 \u00a0Klamath River Reservation established on the Lower Klamath River.
\n1855 \u2013 Lt. R.S. Williamson passes through the Upper Klamath basin.\u20281855-69 \u2013 tree ring studies indicate Upper Klamath Basin precipitatior was above normal.
\n1855 \u2013 August 18, 2nd Lt. Henry Abbott of the US Topographic Engineers writes of Upper Klamath Lake\u2019s dark colored water with a disagreeable taste.
\n1855 \u2013 A total of 7,437 settlers have filed on 2,8 million acres in Oregon.
\n1855 \u2013 August, Lt. Henry L. Abbot, a member of the Pacific Railroad Survey, spends 19 days with the Klamath Indians.
\n1856 \u2013 Judge Frederick Adams wintered 20900 head of cattle in Keno area.
\n1856 \u2013 First permanent Jacksonville school house.
\n1856 \u2013 Mrs. Sherman Brown and three children, George, Louisa and Daniel, travel by ship to Panama, crossed the isthmus on the new railroad and then sailed to san Francisco.
\n1857 \u2013 April 30, Martin Frain, fur trader, camps and establishes first trading post on Link River.
\n1857 \u2013 Big Jack Montgomery was robbed of $500,000 of gold at Jackson Creek on his run to Portland with his ten horse team.
\n1859 \u2013 The Siskiyou tollgate, \u201cDollarhide Station\u201d opens.
\n1859 \u2013 A man name Ledford and four others are killed by Indians at Rancharee Prairie. Jacksonville residents as La-Lakes, the Klamath Village Chief, to punish the murders. La-Lakes brings to Jacksonville the heads of three offenders.
\n1859 \u2013 February 14, \u2013 Oregon becomes a state.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

60,000,000 B.C.E \u2013 Cascade Range begins forming. 50,000,000 \u2013 Present day Upper Klamath Basin is in the Pacific Ocean.\u202815,000,000 \u2013 Extension, the process of pulling the earth\u2019s crust apart, created Tule Lake.\u2028 Volcanic activity in the area began 15 million … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":2580,"parent":124,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2573","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/anderstomlinson.com\/tule-lake\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2573","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/anderstomlinson.com\/tule-lake\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/anderstomlinson.com\/tule-lake\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/anderstomlinson.com\/tule-lake\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/anderstomlinson.com\/tule-lake\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2573"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/anderstomlinson.com\/tule-lake\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2573\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2590,"href":"https:\/\/anderstomlinson.com\/tule-lake\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2573\/revisions\/2590"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/anderstomlinson.com\/tule-lake\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/124"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/anderstomlinson.com\/tule-lake\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2580"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/anderstomlinson.com\/tule-lake\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2573"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}